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SS Syren
SS ''Syren'' (also spelled ''Siren'') was a privately owned iron-hulled sidewheel steamship and blockade runner built at Greenwich, Kent, England in 1863, designed for outrunning and evading the Union ships on blockade patrol around the Confederate States coastline during the American Civil War. Owned by the Charleston Importing and Exporting Company, ''Syren'' made her first run on 5 November 1863, importing supplies for the Confederacy from Nassau to Wilmington. ''Syren'' completed a record 33 runs through the Union blockade, the most of any blockade runner, before being captured while berthed at Charleston Harbor by invading Union forces.〔Frajola, 2012 p.6〕
==History==
After President Lincoln had proclaimed a blockade along the coastlines surrounding the newly formed Confederate States, the Confederacy was forced to turn to overseas sources for much of its supply. Getting this supply into southern harbors involved running through and evading the Union ships on blockade patrol. To meet this special task special 'blockade runners' were designed and built by various prominent shipping companies of the time. Among the most notable was The 'Charleston Importing and Exporting Company' who built the SS ''Syren'', while 'John Fraser and Company', built the ''Fox'', the 'Chicora Importing and Exporting Company' building the ''Chicora'', and 'Druid Company', with their ''Druid''.〔Wise, 1991 p.210〕
The ''Syren'' was a seagoing steam vessel and as a blockade runner, was constructed long and narrow with a flat bottom and with lighter gauge steel for its hull, giving the ship a shallow draft that allowed it to cut through the water much easier. Equipped with two steam engines and a twin paddle-wheel system these blockade runners were the fastest seagoing vessels in use at that time. Because most of the runs were made at night these vessels were painted a dark gray color to better conceal their profile against the night sea, a practiced that eventually earned them the name ''greyhound''. Just before coming into sight of the Confederate coastline the steamers would often switch to burning a smokeless anthracite coal which greatly reduced their profile against the horizon. A typical blockade runner would burn 50-60 tons of coal a day. Sometimes cotton soaked in turpentine would be used as fuel, as it gave off little smoke while producing an intense heat that resulted in a marked increase in the ship's speed.〔Peters, 1939 p.18〕〔McNeil, 2002 p.46〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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